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    GraphPad Software Inc two-tailed, unpaired student’s t-test, one-way anova, or two-way anova with tukey’s or dunnett’s multiple comparison’s test
    Two Tailed, Unpaired Student’s T Test, One Way Anova, Or Two Way Anova With Tukey’s Or Dunnett’s Multiple Comparison’s Test, supplied by GraphPad Software Inc, used in various techniques. Bioz Stars score: 90/100, based on 1 PubMed citations. ZERO BIAS - scores, article reviews, protocol conditions and more
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    Article Title: Induction of pro-inflammatory cytokine production in thymocytes by the immune response modifiers Imiquimod and Gardiquimod™.
    Article Snippet: Contents lists available at ScienceDirect International Immunopharmacology j ourna l homepage: www.e lsev ie r .com/ locate / in t imp Induction of pro-inflammatory cytokine production in thymocytes by the immune response modifiers Imiquimod and GardiquimodTM Andreas Weber 1, Corinna Zimmermann 1, Anne K. Mausberg, Bernd C. Kieseier, Hans Peter Hartung, Harald H. Hofstetter ⁎ Department of Neurology, Heinrich Heine University, Düsseldorf, Germany ⁎ Corresponding author at: Department of Neurology, M University, Moorenstr.. 5, 40225 Düsseldorf, Germany.. E-mail address: harald.hofstetter@uni-duesseldorf.d 1 These authors contributed equally to this work.



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    a Schematic illustration of in vivo mouse imaging upon i.c.v. l -lactate injection. b Fluorescence response traces (left) of the visual cortex in CaMKII-HA-eLACCO2.1-NGR expressing mice upon i.c.v. injection of l- lactate. Right panel shows the area under the curve (AUC) of the traces for each stimulation condition. Saline ( n = 8 traces from three mice), 300 nmol l -lactate ( n = 7 traces from three mice), and 1 μmol l -lactate ( n = 10 traces from three mice). Mean ± s.e.m. One-way ANOVA with the <t>Dunnett’s</t> post hoc tests. * P = 0.0066. c Fluorescence response traces (left) upon i.c.v. injection of 1 μmol l -lactate. Right panel shows the AUC of the traces for each construct. eLACCO2.1 ( n = 10 traces from three mice) and deLACCO1 ( n = 7 traces from three mice). Mean ± s.e.m. Two-tailed Student’s t test. * P = 0.0493. d Timeline of animal surgery and recording. The right panels show representative images of the coordinate of integrated GRIN lens implantation (upper) and eLACCO2.1 in the field of view (bottom). Scar bars, 50 μm (upper) and 100 μm (bottom). e Fluorescence responses in freely moving mice in response to the i.p. injection of saline or insulin. Each recording was normalized to 10 min baseline recording. n = 5 and four mice for eLACCO2.1 and deLACCO1, respectively. Mean ± s.e.m. Two-tailed paired Student’s t test. * P = 0.02533. f Schematic illustration of in vivo one-photon imaging of the mouse stimulated by air pff. g Histological verification of R-iLACCO1.1 expression in the somatosensory cortex. Bottom image shows a magnified image in the box of the upper image. Similar results were obtained for more than five independent experiments. Scale bars, 1 mm (upper) and 200 μm (bottom). h Traces of air puff-evoked intracellular l -lactate response (mean ± s.e.m.). R-iLACCO1.1 ( n = 8 traces from 6 mice of which one mouse was subjected to shorter post stimulation of 120 s) and R-diLACCO1 ( n = 8 traces from 6 mice). i AUC of the traces for R-iLACCO1.1 ( n = 6 mice) and R-diLACCO1 ( n = 6 mice). Mean ± s.e.m. Two-tailed Student’s t test. * P < 0.0001. Source data are provided as a Source Data file.
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    a Schematic illustration of in vivo mouse imaging upon i.c.v. l -lactate injection. b Fluorescence response traces (left) of the visual cortex in CaMKII-HA-eLACCO2.1-NGR expressing mice upon i.c.v. injection of l- lactate. Right panel shows the area under the curve (AUC) of the traces for each stimulation condition. Saline ( n = 8 traces from three mice), 300 nmol l -lactate ( n = 7 traces from three mice), and 1 μmol l -lactate ( n = 10 traces from three mice). Mean ± s.e.m. One-way ANOVA with the <t>Dunnett’s</t> post hoc tests. * P = 0.0066. c Fluorescence response traces (left) upon i.c.v. injection of 1 μmol l -lactate. Right panel shows the AUC of the traces for each construct. eLACCO2.1 ( n = 10 traces from three mice) and deLACCO1 ( n = 7 traces from three mice). Mean ± s.e.m. Two-tailed Student’s t test. * P = 0.0493. d Timeline of animal surgery and recording. The right panels show representative images of the coordinate of integrated GRIN lens implantation (upper) and eLACCO2.1 in the field of view (bottom). Scar bars, 50 μm (upper) and 100 μm (bottom). e Fluorescence responses in freely moving mice in response to the i.p. injection of saline or insulin. Each recording was normalized to 10 min baseline recording. n = 5 and four mice for eLACCO2.1 and deLACCO1, respectively. Mean ± s.e.m. Two-tailed paired Student’s t test. * P = 0.02533. f Schematic illustration of in vivo one-photon imaging of the mouse stimulated by air pff. g Histological verification of R-iLACCO1.1 expression in the somatosensory cortex. Bottom image shows a magnified image in the box of the upper image. Similar results were obtained for more than five independent experiments. Scale bars, 1 mm (upper) and 200 μm (bottom). h Traces of air puff-evoked intracellular l -lactate response (mean ± s.e.m.). R-iLACCO1.1 ( n = 8 traces from 6 mice of which one mouse was subjected to shorter post stimulation of 120 s) and R-diLACCO1 ( n = 8 traces from 6 mice). i AUC of the traces for R-iLACCO1.1 ( n = 6 mice) and R-diLACCO1 ( n = 6 mice). Mean ± s.e.m. Two-tailed Student’s t test. * P < 0.0001. Source data are provided as a Source Data file.
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    a Schematic illustration of in vivo mouse imaging upon i.c.v. l -lactate injection. b Fluorescence response traces (left) of the visual cortex in CaMKII-HA-eLACCO2.1-NGR expressing mice upon i.c.v. injection of l- lactate. Right panel shows the area under the curve (AUC) of the traces for each stimulation condition. Saline ( n = 8 traces from three mice), 300 nmol l -lactate ( n = 7 traces from three mice), and 1 μmol l -lactate ( n = 10 traces from three mice). Mean ± s.e.m. One-way ANOVA with the <t>Dunnett’s</t> post hoc tests. * P = 0.0066. c Fluorescence response traces (left) upon i.c.v. injection of 1 μmol l -lactate. Right panel shows the AUC of the traces for each construct. eLACCO2.1 ( n = 10 traces from three mice) and deLACCO1 ( n = 7 traces from three mice). Mean ± s.e.m. Two-tailed Student’s t test. * P = 0.0493. d Timeline of animal surgery and recording. The right panels show representative images of the coordinate of integrated GRIN lens implantation (upper) and eLACCO2.1 in the field of view (bottom). Scar bars, 50 μm (upper) and 100 μm (bottom). e Fluorescence responses in freely moving mice in response to the i.p. injection of saline or insulin. Each recording was normalized to 10 min baseline recording. n = 5 and four mice for eLACCO2.1 and deLACCO1, respectively. Mean ± s.e.m. Two-tailed paired Student’s t test. * P = 0.02533. f Schematic illustration of in vivo one-photon imaging of the mouse stimulated by air pff. g Histological verification of R-iLACCO1.1 expression in the somatosensory cortex. Bottom image shows a magnified image in the box of the upper image. Similar results were obtained for more than five independent experiments. Scale bars, 1 mm (upper) and 200 μm (bottom). h Traces of air puff-evoked intracellular l -lactate response (mean ± s.e.m.). R-iLACCO1.1 ( n = 8 traces from 6 mice of which one mouse was subjected to shorter post stimulation of 120 s) and R-diLACCO1 ( n = 8 traces from 6 mice). i AUC of the traces for R-iLACCO1.1 ( n = 6 mice) and R-diLACCO1 ( n = 6 mice). Mean ± s.e.m. Two-tailed Student’s t test. * P < 0.0001. Source data are provided as a Source Data file.
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    a Schematic illustration of in vivo mouse imaging upon i.c.v. l -lactate injection. b Fluorescence response traces (left) of the visual cortex in CaMKII-HA-eLACCO2.1-NGR expressing mice upon i.c.v. injection of l- lactate. Right panel shows the area under the curve (AUC) of the traces for each stimulation condition. Saline ( n = 8 traces from three mice), 300 nmol l -lactate ( n = 7 traces from three mice), and 1 μmol l -lactate ( n = 10 traces from three mice). Mean ± s.e.m. One-way ANOVA with the <t>Dunnett’s</t> post hoc tests. * P = 0.0066. c Fluorescence response traces (left) upon i.c.v. injection of 1 μmol l -lactate. Right panel shows the AUC of the traces for each construct. eLACCO2.1 ( n = 10 traces from three mice) and deLACCO1 ( n = 7 traces from three mice). Mean ± s.e.m. Two-tailed Student’s t test. * P = 0.0493. d Timeline of animal surgery and recording. The right panels show representative images of the coordinate of integrated GRIN lens implantation (upper) and eLACCO2.1 in the field of view (bottom). Scar bars, 50 μm (upper) and 100 μm (bottom). e Fluorescence responses in freely moving mice in response to the i.p. injection of saline or insulin. Each recording was normalized to 10 min baseline recording. n = 5 and four mice for eLACCO2.1 and deLACCO1, respectively. Mean ± s.e.m. Two-tailed paired Student’s t test. * P = 0.02533. f Schematic illustration of in vivo one-photon imaging of the mouse stimulated by air pff. g Histological verification of R-iLACCO1.1 expression in the somatosensory cortex. Bottom image shows a magnified image in the box of the upper image. Similar results were obtained for more than five independent experiments. Scale bars, 1 mm (upper) and 200 μm (bottom). h Traces of air puff-evoked intracellular l -lactate response (mean ± s.e.m.). R-iLACCO1.1 ( n = 8 traces from 6 mice of which one mouse was subjected to shorter post stimulation of 120 s) and R-diLACCO1 ( n = 8 traces from 6 mice). i AUC of the traces for R-iLACCO1.1 ( n = 6 mice) and R-diLACCO1 ( n = 6 mice). Mean ± s.e.m. Two-tailed Student’s t test. * P < 0.0001. Source data are provided as a Source Data file.
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    a Schematic illustration of in vivo mouse imaging upon i.c.v. l -lactate injection. b Fluorescence response traces (left) of the visual cortex in CaMKII-HA-eLACCO2.1-NGR expressing mice upon i.c.v. injection of l- lactate. Right panel shows the area under the curve (AUC) of the traces for each stimulation condition. Saline ( n = 8 traces from three mice), 300 nmol l -lactate ( n = 7 traces from three mice), and 1 μmol l -lactate ( n = 10 traces from three mice). Mean ± s.e.m. One-way ANOVA with the <t>Dunnett’s</t> post hoc tests. * P = 0.0066. c Fluorescence response traces (left) upon i.c.v. injection of 1 μmol l -lactate. Right panel shows the AUC of the traces for each construct. eLACCO2.1 ( n = 10 traces from three mice) and deLACCO1 ( n = 7 traces from three mice). Mean ± s.e.m. Two-tailed Student’s t test. * P = 0.0493. d Timeline of animal surgery and recording. The right panels show representative images of the coordinate of integrated GRIN lens implantation (upper) and eLACCO2.1 in the field of view (bottom). Scar bars, 50 μm (upper) and 100 μm (bottom). e Fluorescence responses in freely moving mice in response to the i.p. injection of saline or insulin. Each recording was normalized to 10 min baseline recording. n = 5 and four mice for eLACCO2.1 and deLACCO1, respectively. Mean ± s.e.m. Two-tailed paired Student’s t test. * P = 0.02533. f Schematic illustration of in vivo one-photon imaging of the mouse stimulated by air pff. g Histological verification of R-iLACCO1.1 expression in the somatosensory cortex. Bottom image shows a magnified image in the box of the upper image. Similar results were obtained for more than five independent experiments. Scale bars, 1 mm (upper) and 200 μm (bottom). h Traces of air puff-evoked intracellular l -lactate response (mean ± s.e.m.). R-iLACCO1.1 ( n = 8 traces from 6 mice of which one mouse was subjected to shorter post stimulation of 120 s) and R-diLACCO1 ( n = 8 traces from 6 mice). i AUC of the traces for R-iLACCO1.1 ( n = 6 mice) and R-diLACCO1 ( n = 6 mice). Mean ± s.e.m. Two-tailed Student’s t test. * P < 0.0001. Source data are provided as a Source Data file.
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    a Schematic illustration of in vivo mouse imaging upon i.c.v. l -lactate injection. b Fluorescence response traces (left) of the visual cortex in CaMKII-HA-eLACCO2.1-NGR expressing mice upon i.c.v. injection of l- lactate. Right panel shows the area under the curve (AUC) of the traces for each stimulation condition. Saline ( n = 8 traces from three mice), 300 nmol l -lactate ( n = 7 traces from three mice), and 1 μmol l -lactate ( n = 10 traces from three mice). Mean ± s.e.m. One-way ANOVA with the <t>Dunnett’s</t> post hoc tests. * P = 0.0066. c Fluorescence response traces (left) upon i.c.v. injection of 1 μmol l -lactate. Right panel shows the AUC of the traces for each construct. eLACCO2.1 ( n = 10 traces from three mice) and deLACCO1 ( n = 7 traces from three mice). Mean ± s.e.m. Two-tailed Student’s t test. * P = 0.0493. d Timeline of animal surgery and recording. The right panels show representative images of the coordinate of integrated GRIN lens implantation (upper) and eLACCO2.1 in the field of view (bottom). Scar bars, 50 μm (upper) and 100 μm (bottom). e Fluorescence responses in freely moving mice in response to the i.p. injection of saline or insulin. Each recording was normalized to 10 min baseline recording. n = 5 and four mice for eLACCO2.1 and deLACCO1, respectively. Mean ± s.e.m. Two-tailed paired Student’s t test. * P = 0.02533. f Schematic illustration of in vivo one-photon imaging of the mouse stimulated by air pff. g Histological verification of R-iLACCO1.1 expression in the somatosensory cortex. Bottom image shows a magnified image in the box of the upper image. Similar results were obtained for more than five independent experiments. Scale bars, 1 mm (upper) and 200 μm (bottom). h Traces of air puff-evoked intracellular l -lactate response (mean ± s.e.m.). R-iLACCO1.1 ( n = 8 traces from 6 mice of which one mouse was subjected to shorter post stimulation of 120 s) and R-diLACCO1 ( n = 8 traces from 6 mice). i AUC of the traces for R-iLACCO1.1 ( n = 6 mice) and R-diLACCO1 ( n = 6 mice). Mean ± s.e.m. Two-tailed Student’s t test. * P < 0.0001. Source data are provided as a Source Data file.
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    a Schematic illustration of in vivo mouse imaging upon i.c.v. l -lactate injection. b Fluorescence response traces (left) of the visual cortex in CaMKII-HA-eLACCO2.1-NGR expressing mice upon i.c.v. injection of l- lactate. Right panel shows the area under the curve (AUC) of the traces for each stimulation condition. Saline ( n = 8 traces from three mice), 300 nmol l -lactate ( n = 7 traces from three mice), and 1 μmol l -lactate ( n = 10 traces from three mice). Mean ± s.e.m. One-way ANOVA with the <t>Dunnett’s</t> post hoc tests. * P = 0.0066. c Fluorescence response traces (left) upon i.c.v. injection of 1 μmol l -lactate. Right panel shows the AUC of the traces for each construct. eLACCO2.1 ( n = 10 traces from three mice) and deLACCO1 ( n = 7 traces from three mice). Mean ± s.e.m. Two-tailed Student’s t test. * P = 0.0493. d Timeline of animal surgery and recording. The right panels show representative images of the coordinate of integrated GRIN lens implantation (upper) and eLACCO2.1 in the field of view (bottom). Scar bars, 50 μm (upper) and 100 μm (bottom). e Fluorescence responses in freely moving mice in response to the i.p. injection of saline or insulin. Each recording was normalized to 10 min baseline recording. n = 5 and four mice for eLACCO2.1 and deLACCO1, respectively. Mean ± s.e.m. Two-tailed paired Student’s t test. * P = 0.02533. f Schematic illustration of in vivo one-photon imaging of the mouse stimulated by air pff. g Histological verification of R-iLACCO1.1 expression in the somatosensory cortex. Bottom image shows a magnified image in the box of the upper image. Similar results were obtained for more than five independent experiments. Scale bars, 1 mm (upper) and 200 μm (bottom). h Traces of air puff-evoked intracellular l -lactate response (mean ± s.e.m.). R-iLACCO1.1 ( n = 8 traces from 6 mice of which one mouse was subjected to shorter post stimulation of 120 s) and R-diLACCO1 ( n = 8 traces from 6 mice). i AUC of the traces for R-iLACCO1.1 ( n = 6 mice) and R-diLACCO1 ( n = 6 mice). Mean ± s.e.m. Two-tailed Student’s t test. * P < 0.0001. Source data are provided as a Source Data file.
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    a Schematic illustration of in vivo mouse imaging upon i.c.v. l -lactate injection. b Fluorescence response traces (left) of the visual cortex in CaMKII-HA-eLACCO2.1-NGR expressing mice upon i.c.v. injection of l- lactate. Right panel shows the area under the curve (AUC) of the traces for each stimulation condition. Saline ( n = 8 traces from three mice), 300 nmol l -lactate ( n = 7 traces from three mice), and 1 μmol l -lactate ( n = 10 traces from three mice). Mean ± s.e.m. One-way ANOVA with the Dunnett’s post hoc tests. * P = 0.0066. c Fluorescence response traces (left) upon i.c.v. injection of 1 μmol l -lactate. Right panel shows the AUC of the traces for each construct. eLACCO2.1 ( n = 10 traces from three mice) and deLACCO1 ( n = 7 traces from three mice). Mean ± s.e.m. Two-tailed Student’s t test. * P = 0.0493. d Timeline of animal surgery and recording. The right panels show representative images of the coordinate of integrated GRIN lens implantation (upper) and eLACCO2.1 in the field of view (bottom). Scar bars, 50 μm (upper) and 100 μm (bottom). e Fluorescence responses in freely moving mice in response to the i.p. injection of saline or insulin. Each recording was normalized to 10 min baseline recording. n = 5 and four mice for eLACCO2.1 and deLACCO1, respectively. Mean ± s.e.m. Two-tailed paired Student’s t test. * P = 0.02533. f Schematic illustration of in vivo one-photon imaging of the mouse stimulated by air pff. g Histological verification of R-iLACCO1.1 expression in the somatosensory cortex. Bottom image shows a magnified image in the box of the upper image. Similar results were obtained for more than five independent experiments. Scale bars, 1 mm (upper) and 200 μm (bottom). h Traces of air puff-evoked intracellular l -lactate response (mean ± s.e.m.). R-iLACCO1.1 ( n = 8 traces from 6 mice of which one mouse was subjected to shorter post stimulation of 120 s) and R-diLACCO1 ( n = 8 traces from 6 mice). i AUC of the traces for R-iLACCO1.1 ( n = 6 mice) and R-diLACCO1 ( n = 6 mice). Mean ± s.e.m. Two-tailed Student’s t test. * P < 0.0001. Source data are provided as a Source Data file.

    Journal: Nature Communications

    Article Title: Lactate biosensors for spectrally and spatially multiplexed fluorescence imaging

    doi: 10.1038/s41467-023-42230-5

    Figure Lengend Snippet: a Schematic illustration of in vivo mouse imaging upon i.c.v. l -lactate injection. b Fluorescence response traces (left) of the visual cortex in CaMKII-HA-eLACCO2.1-NGR expressing mice upon i.c.v. injection of l- lactate. Right panel shows the area under the curve (AUC) of the traces for each stimulation condition. Saline ( n = 8 traces from three mice), 300 nmol l -lactate ( n = 7 traces from three mice), and 1 μmol l -lactate ( n = 10 traces from three mice). Mean ± s.e.m. One-way ANOVA with the Dunnett’s post hoc tests. * P = 0.0066. c Fluorescence response traces (left) upon i.c.v. injection of 1 μmol l -lactate. Right panel shows the AUC of the traces for each construct. eLACCO2.1 ( n = 10 traces from three mice) and deLACCO1 ( n = 7 traces from three mice). Mean ± s.e.m. Two-tailed Student’s t test. * P = 0.0493. d Timeline of animal surgery and recording. The right panels show representative images of the coordinate of integrated GRIN lens implantation (upper) and eLACCO2.1 in the field of view (bottom). Scar bars, 50 μm (upper) and 100 μm (bottom). e Fluorescence responses in freely moving mice in response to the i.p. injection of saline or insulin. Each recording was normalized to 10 min baseline recording. n = 5 and four mice for eLACCO2.1 and deLACCO1, respectively. Mean ± s.e.m. Two-tailed paired Student’s t test. * P = 0.02533. f Schematic illustration of in vivo one-photon imaging of the mouse stimulated by air pff. g Histological verification of R-iLACCO1.1 expression in the somatosensory cortex. Bottom image shows a magnified image in the box of the upper image. Similar results were obtained for more than five independent experiments. Scale bars, 1 mm (upper) and 200 μm (bottom). h Traces of air puff-evoked intracellular l -lactate response (mean ± s.e.m.). R-iLACCO1.1 ( n = 8 traces from 6 mice of which one mouse was subjected to shorter post stimulation of 120 s) and R-diLACCO1 ( n = 8 traces from 6 mice). i AUC of the traces for R-iLACCO1.1 ( n = 6 mice) and R-diLACCO1 ( n = 6 mice). Mean ± s.e.m. Two-tailed Student’s t test. * P < 0.0001. Source data are provided as a Source Data file.

    Article Snippet: Statistical analysis was performed using two-tailed Student’s t test or one-way analysis of variance (ANOVA) with the Dunnett’s post hoc tests (GraphPad Prism 9), as specified in figure legends.

    Techniques: In Vivo, Imaging, Injection, Fluorescence, Expressing, Saline, Construct, Two Tailed Test